{"id":4227,"date":"2026-02-03T15:36:05","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T07:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/?p=4227"},"modified":"2026-01-15T15:37:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T07:37:32","slug":"combinaison-avancee-de-faisceaux-et-gestion-spectrale-dans-les-modules-laser-multimodes-a-fibre-couplee-de-haute-puissance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/fr\/combinaison-avancee-de-faisceaux-et-gestion-spectrale-dans-les-modules-laser-multimodes-a-fibre-couplee-de-haute-puissance-html","title":{"rendered":"Combinaison avanc\u00e9e de faisceaux et gestion spectrale dans les modules laser coupl\u00e9s \u00e0 des fibres multimodes de haute puissance"},"content":{"rendered":"

La fronti\u00e8re de l'ing\u00e9nierie : augmenter la puissance sans sacrifier la luminosit\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dans le secteur des lasers industriels, la demande de puissance plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e est constante, mais la puissance seule est une mesure trompeuse. Le v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9fi pour un fabricant est de pr\u00e9server la luminosit\u00e9 spatiale lorsqu'il passe d'un laser \u00e0 \u00e9metteur unique \u00e0 un laser \u00e0 haute puissance. module laser coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 une fibre multimode<\/strong>. Lorsque nous regroupons davantage de puces \u00e0 diodes dans une seule fibre, nous nous heurtons in\u00e9vitablement aux contraintes du param\u00e8tre de faisceau produit (BPP). Si le BPP du syst\u00e8me int\u00e9gr\u00e9 d\u00e9passe la capacit\u00e9 d'acceptation de la fibre de distribution, l'\u00e9nergie exc\u00e9dentaire est convertie en chaleur, ce qui entra\u00eene une d\u00e9gradation rapide des rev\u00eatements optiques et de la gaine de la fibre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mise \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle d'un laser \u00e0 fibre optique<\/a><\/strong> requires more than just mechanical “stacking” of emitters. It involves a deterministic approach to optical path length management, polarization state control, and spectral density. This article examines the sophisticated combining techniques\u2014spatial, polarization, and spectral\u2014that allow modern laser \u00e0 diode coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 fibre optique<\/a><\/strong> pour atteindre des niveaux de kilowatts tout en conservant la focalisation requise pour le traitement de pr\u00e9cision des mat\u00e9riaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La contrainte spatiale : Miroirs en escalier et gestion des BPP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tous les domaines d'application diode laser<\/a> (BAL) pr\u00e9sente une asym\u00e9trie caract\u00e9ristique. L'axe rapide (vertical) est presque limit\u00e9 par la diffraction, tandis que l'axe lent (horizontal) est tr\u00e8s multimodal. Dans un diode laser coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 fibre optique<\/a><\/strong>, L'objectif principal de la micro-optique interne est de remodeler ces faisceaux divergents en un faisceau sym\u00e9trique qui correspond au c\u0153ur circulaire de la fibre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'architecture du miroir \u00e0 \u00e9chelons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

To combine multiple single emitters spatially, engineers utilize a “step mirror” or “staircase” arrangement. Each emitter’s beam is collimated by an individual Fast-Axis Collimator (FAC) and Slow-Axis Collimator (SAC). These collimated beams are then reflected by a series of precisely angled mirrors that “stack” the beams vertically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La pr\u00e9cision de cet empilement est essentielle. S'il y a des lacunes entre les faisceaux empil\u00e9s, le BPP est gaspill\u00e9 ; s'ils se chevauchent, la luminosit\u00e9 est perdue. La haute qualit\u00e9 module laser coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 une fibre multimode<\/a><\/strong> designs use robotic active alignment to ensure that the “dead space” between beams is minimized to less than 5 micrometers. This density is what allows a 200W module to be coupled into a 105-micrometer fiber with an NA of 0.15, providing a significant safety margin for the 0.22 NA limit of standard industrial fibers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polarisation et combinaison spectrale : Doublement de la densit\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque l'empilement spatial atteint les limites physiques du diam\u00e8tre du c\u0153ur de la fibre, les fabricants doivent se tourner vers les autres propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la lumi\u00e8re : la polarisation et la longueur d'onde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Combinaison de faisceaux de polarisation (PBC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En utilisant le fait que les diodes laser \u00e9mettent une lumi\u00e8re naturellement polaris\u00e9e (typiquement en mode TE), il est possible de combiner deux ensembles identiques de faisceaux empil\u00e9s dans l'espace. L'un des ensembles passe \u00e0 travers une lame demi-onde pour faire pivoter sa polarisation de 90 degr\u00e9s. Les deux ensembles sont ensuite dirig\u00e9s vers un s\u00e9parateur de faisceau polarisant (PBS). Cela permet au module de doubler la puissance de sortie d'un faisceau d'\u00e9mission. laser \u00e0 fibre optique<\/strong> sans augmenter l'empreinte spatiale ou le BPP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, PBC introduces thermal sensitivity. The PBS and waveplates must have ultra-low absorption coatings (< 5 ppm). Any heat absorbed by these components can cause “thermal lensing,” which shifts the focal point of the beams and degrades the coupling efficiency into the fiber.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Combinaison de faisceaux spectraux (SBC) et WDM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La combinaison spectrale tire parti des diff\u00e9rents pics d'absorption des mat\u00e9riaux cibles ou des milieux de gain des lasers \u00e0 fibre. En combinant une source de 915nm, 940nm et 976nm dans une seule fibre \u00e0 l'aide de filtres dichro\u00efques (multiplexage par r\u00e9partition en longueur d'onde), on obtient un faisceau d'ondes de 915nm, 940nm et 976nm. laser \u00e0 diode coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 fibre optique<\/strong> peut atteindre des niveaux de puissance sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Cette technique est essentielle pour le pompage \u00e0 haute puissance dans les secteurs de la d\u00e9fense et de l'a\u00e9rospatiale, o\u00f9 les rapports poids\/puissance sont strictement r\u00e9glement\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux : Du choix des soudures \u00e0 la protection contre les r\u00e9troactions optiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La long\u00e9vit\u00e9 d'un multimode Module laser \u00e0 fibre optique<\/a><\/strong> est souvent d\u00e9cid\u00e9e dans la salle blanche de l'assemblage, bien avant que le laser ne soit mis \u00e0 feu pour la premi\u00e8re fois. La transition entre la puce semi-conductrice et le dissipateur thermique est l'interface thermique la plus critique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de la brasure dure AuSn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dans le domaine de la haute puissance laser \u00e0 fibre optique<\/strong> modules, the use of Indium (soft) solder is increasingly viewed as a reliability risk. Indium is prone to “creep” and thermal fatigue under the high-current cycling typical of industrial welding. Over time, this leads to a “thermal grin”\u2014a misalignment where the chip physically tilts due to solder migration. Professional-grade modules utilize Gold-Tin (AuSn) hard solder. While this requires more complex stress-relief structures (due to the difference in thermal expansion between the chip and the submount), it ensures that the optical alignment remains stable for 50,000 hours or more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gestion de la r\u00e9tro-r\u00e9flexion dans les processus industriels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quand un laser \u00e0 diode coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 fibre optique<\/strong> est utilis\u00e9 pour souder des m\u00e9taux r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissants comme le cuivre ou l'or, une partie de l'\u00e9nergie du laser est r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie dans la fibre. Sans protection, cette lumi\u00e8re r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie peut toucher les lentilles internes ou les facettes de la diode, provoquant une d\u00e9faillance instantan\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern modules integrate “back-reflection filters” or dichroic absorbers. These components are designed to allow the pump wavelength (e.g., 915nm) to pass through while absorbing or diverting the process wavelength (e.g., 1080nm or 450nm). For an OEM, the inclusion of this protection is a form of insurance; it prevents a $5,000 laser module from being destroyed by a simple workpiece misalignment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matrice des sp\u00e9cifications techniques : Dynamique de couplage sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 la longueur d'onde<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les exigences pour un laser \u00e0 fibre optique<\/strong> varient de mani\u00e8re significative en fonction de la longueur d'onde, principalement en raison de l'\u00e9nergie des photons et de l'efficacit\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux semi-conducteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caract\u00e9ristique<\/strong><\/td>Module 450nm (bleu)<\/strong><\/td>Module 915\/976nm (NIR)<\/strong><\/td>Module 1550nm (SWIR)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
\u00c9nergie des photons<\/strong><\/td>~2,75 eV (haut)<\/td>~1,3 eV (moyenne)<\/td>~0,8 eV (faible)<\/td><\/tr>
C\u0153ur de fibre typique<\/strong><\/td>100 – 200 um<\/td>105 – 200 um<\/td>105 – 400 um<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00e9fi primaire<\/strong><\/td>D\u00e9gradation du rev\u00eatement<\/td>BPP Management<\/td>Gestion thermique<\/td><\/tr>
Puissance maximale\/module<\/strong><\/td>200W – 500W<\/td>300W – 1000W<\/td>50W – 150W<\/td><\/tr>
WPE (Wall-Plug Eff.)<\/strong><\/td>25% – 35%<\/td>45% – 60%<\/td>15% – 25%<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00e9thode de refroidissement<\/strong><\/td>Refroidissement liquide n\u00e9cessaire<\/td>Refroidissement par air\/liquide<\/td>TEC actif\/liquide<\/td><\/tr>
Application principale<\/strong><\/td>Soudage cuivre\/non ferreux<\/td>Pompage laser \u00e0 fibre<\/td>M\u00e9dical\/d\u00e9tection<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9tude de cas : Soudage du cuivre \u00e0 haut rendement pour la fabrication de batteries de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Historique de la client\u00e8le<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A Tier-1 supplier for the electric vehicle (EV) industry was struggling with the “spatter” and instability of welding thin copper busbars using a traditional 1064nm infrared laser. Copper\u2019s absorption of infrared is less than 5%, requiring extremely high power which often resulted in “burn-through” or poor mechanical strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9fis techniques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The customer needed to transition to a 450nm (Blue) laser source, which has >65% absorption in copper. However, blue diode lasers are notoriously difficult to couple into small fibers due to their high divergence and the high energy of blue photons, which can “solarize” or darken standard optical coatings over time. The goal was 300W of blue light delivered through a 200-micrometer fiber with high stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Param\u00e8tres techniques et r\u00e9glages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Source laser :<\/strong> 450 nm module laser coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 une fibre multimode<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Architecture interne :<\/strong> Combinaison spatiale de 24 \u00e9metteurs individuels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Interface fibre :<\/strong> 200\/220 um, 0.22 NA, avec un stripper de mode de cladding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Mode de fonctionnement :<\/strong> Onde continue (CW) avec rampe modul\u00e9e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Tech. de rev\u00eatement :<\/strong> Rev\u00eatements pulv\u00e9ris\u00e9s par faisceau d'ions (IBS) pour pr\u00e9venir la d\u00e9gradation induite par les UV.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Contr\u00f4le de la qualit\u00e9 (CQ) et mise en \u0153uvre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    To ensure long-term stability, the module was subjected to a 500-hour “Accelerated Aging” test in a high-humidity environment. We monitored the “Spot Pointing Stability”\u2014the movement of the beam within the fiber core. By using a 6-axis Invar-stabilized mount for the final focusing lens, we kept the pointing drift to less than 2 micrometers, ensuring that the power density at the weld site remained constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    En mettant en \u0153uvre la technologie 450nm laser \u00e0 diode coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 fibre optique<\/strong>, the customer achieved a “conduction mode” weld rather than the violent “keyhole” weld typical of IR lasers. This reduced the spatter by 95% and increased the electrical conductivity of the busbar joints. The system has now been running for 14 months with zero power degradation, proving that advanced blue-wavelength coupling is a viable industrial solution when the optics are engineered for high photon energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The Economic Trust: From “Dollar per Watt” to “Dollar per Part”<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Dans le monde de la fabrication OEM, l'achat d'une machine \u00e0 coudre est un enjeu majeur. laser \u00e0 fibre optique<\/strong> is often evaluated through the wrong lens. If a module is 20% cheaper but has a 10% higher failure rate or requires more frequent maintenance, the “Dollar per Watt” metric is meaningless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La valeur du retour d'information sur le diagnostic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Les modules sophistiqu\u00e9s comprennent d\u00e9sormais des capteurs internes pour :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Humidit\u00e9 :<\/strong> D\u00e9tecter la condensation potentielle qui pourrait embuer l'optique interne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Intensit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9tro-r\u00e9flexion :<\/strong> Providing a real-time “health score” of the delivery fiber.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Temp\u00e9rature du bo\u00eetier :<\/strong> S'assurer que le dissipateur thermique fonctionne comme pr\u00e9vu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      A manufacturer that provides this level of transparency is not just selling a light source; they are selling “predictive uptime.” For a system integrator, having the ability to tell a client that a laser module needs maintenance avant<\/em> l'\u00e9chec est l'ultime avantage concurrentiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Projections pour l'avenir : Impression 3D et progr\u00e8s en mati\u00e8re de diodes directes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      La prochaine fronti\u00e8re pour le module laser coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 une fibre multimode<\/strong> is the additive manufacturing (3D printing) of reactive metals. As we scale the brightness of blue and green fiber-coupled diodes, we will see a shift away from expensive fiber lasers toward “Direct Diode” systems. These systems offer higher wall-plug efficiency and a smaller footprint, provided the industry can continue to push the boundaries of BPP management and thermal stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      FAQ : Consultations techniques professionnelles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Q1: Why is a “Cladding Mode Stripper” (CMS) necessary in a multi-mode module?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      A: In a high-power fiber coupled laser, any light that is misaligned or reflected back will enter the cladding of the fiber rather than the core. Cladding light is not guided like core light; it leaks out through the protective jacket, which is usually plastic. Without a CMS to safely absorb and dissipate this “rogue” light into the metal heat sink, the fiber pigtail will catch fire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Q2: How does “Thermal Blooming” affect fiber coupling?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      A: Thermal blooming occurs when the internal optics or the laser diode itself heats up, causing the refractive index to change or the mechanical mounts to expand slightly. This results in the beam’s divergence increasing. If the divergence increases too much, the beam “blooms” past the edges of the fiber core, leading to an immediate drop in coupled power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Q3 : Y a-t-il un avantage \u00e0 utiliser un c\u0153ur de fibre plus grand que n\u00e9cessaire ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      R : L'utilisation d'une fibre de 200um pour un module qui pourrait entrer dans 105um r\u00e9duit la densit\u00e9 de puissance sur la facette de la fibre, ce qui peut augmenter la dur\u00e9e de vie du connecteur. Cependant, cela r\u00e9duit \u00e9galement la luminosit\u00e9. Si votre application n\u00e9cessite un point tr\u00e8s petit et intense (comme la d\u00e9coupe), une fibre plus grande est un inconv\u00e9nient. Si vous ne faites que du chauffage ou du gainage sur une grande surface, une fibre plus grande est un choix plus s\u00fbr et plus robuste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Q4: What is the impact of “Wavelength Stabilized” pumping?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      R : Dans un laser \u00e0 diode coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 une fibre et utilis\u00e9 pour le pompage, la stabilisation (via VBG) garantit que la longueur d'onde ne d\u00e9rive pas lorsque l'on modifie la puissance (le courant). Ceci est essentiel pour les lasers \u00e0 fibre car leur absorption n'est efficace qu'\u00e0 une longueur d'onde tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cifique (par exemple, 976nm). Sans stabilisation, lorsque vous augmentez la puissance de pompage, la longueur d'onde d\u00e9rive, l'absorption diminue et le syst\u00e8me devient instable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Q5 : Puis-je faire fonctionner ces modules avec un cycle de travail de 100% ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      R : Les modules laser multimode \u00e0 fibre coupl\u00e9e de qualit\u00e9 industrielle sont con\u00e7us pour fonctionner 24 heures sur 24 et 7 jours sur 7 avec un cycle de fonctionnement de 100%, \u00e0 condition que le syst\u00e8me de refroidissement (refroidisseur ou dissipateur thermique) puisse maintenir la temp\u00e9rature de la plaque de base dans la plage sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9e (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 20 \u00e0 30 degr\u00e9s Celsius).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      The Engineering Frontier: Scaling Power Without Sacrificing Brightness In the industrial laser sector, the demand for higher power is constant, yet power alone is a deceptive metric. The true challenge for a manufacturer is the preservation of spatial brightness when scaling from a single-emitter to a high-power multi-mode fiber coupled laser module. As we aggregate 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