{"id":4204,"date":"2026-01-31T15:12:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T07:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/?p=4204"},"modified":"2026-01-15T15:14:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T07:14:49","slug":"%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/ar\/precision-engineering-of-pigtailed-laser-diode-and-pm-fiber-systems.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 PM"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a GRIN (\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/a><\/strong>, \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (RIN) \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 PM: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 PM<\/a><\/strong>, \u060c \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 (PM)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a PANDA \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 PER<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0640 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/a><\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 (PER). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 20 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 25 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 X-Y-Z. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639. \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a 6 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 10 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629\u201d\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u201c\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u201d (TCO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645: \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u0630\u064a\u0644<\/strong>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u201c\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u201d \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0631\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 CTE \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 PM<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a Kovar \u0623\u0648 Invar \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 -20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u201c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 (APC) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 -14 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0648 -60 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 SM \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 PM<\/strong><\/td>\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 MM (\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/td>G.652 \u0623\u0648 G.657.A1<\/td>\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 PM<\/td>50\/125 \u0623\u0648 105\/125 \u0623\u0648 105\/125<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>40% – 65%<\/td>35% – 55%<\/td>70% – 90%<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/td>18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/td><\/tr>
    \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/td>+\/- 0.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>+\/- 0.2 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>+\/- 5.0 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/td><\/tr>
    \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 (APC)<\/strong><\/td>> 60 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/td>> 55 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/td>> 35 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
    \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 (-20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>< 0.5 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/td>< 1.0 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/td>< 0.2 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 OCT \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a (OCT) \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0621 1310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u201d. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 PM \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a:<\/strong> 1310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 +\/- 5 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641:<\/strong> \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 PM1300 PANDA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628:<\/strong> > 22 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> > 2.0 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 10 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> 14 \u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0639 TEC \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (QC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 10 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 PER \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641. \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 25 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 CTE:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 (\u0628\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 PM<\/strong> \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644 100 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 -40 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +85 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 0.3 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 0.3 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 PM\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 OCT \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 15%\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>, \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u201c\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u201d. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u201d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u0630\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 PM<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 (QKD) \u0648\u201c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\" \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b - \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u06331: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062c: \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u06332: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 PM \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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