{"id":4198,"date":"2026-02-09T15:09:56","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T07:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/?p=4198"},"modified":"2026-01-26T13:22:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T05:22:40","slug":"%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/ar\/%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84-2","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 50% \u0625\u0644\u0649 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640 40% \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 ($R_{th}$) \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (AlN) \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE) \u0645\u0639 GaAs. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u201d (DLDs) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/a><\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u201c\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u201d \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u201d (MSE).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u201d. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1-2 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637). \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 BPP \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (MSE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 915 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 MSE. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0634\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (FAC):<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 (BTS):<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u201c\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629\u201d (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 100-200 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 BTS \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u201c\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u201d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641: \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 200 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 105 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 NA 0.22 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0648. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u201c\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629\u201d \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 (NA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0640 NA \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 0.22 NA\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 95% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a 0.15 NA\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u201c\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639\u201d \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f 0.22. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 NA \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u201c\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629\u201d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 NA \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 808 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u201c\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u201d - \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 AuSn \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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    \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0636\u062e 915 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a CW \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 2 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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