{"id":4166,"date":"2026-01-26T14:31:53","date_gmt":"2026-01-26T06:31:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/?p=4166"},"modified":"2026-01-15T14:33:25","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T06:33:25","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d8%b4%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/ar\/%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d8%b4%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7-2","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 AuSn \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0648\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u201d. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646 (DLD)\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u201c\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 (AuSn) \u201d\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\". \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 AuSn \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 AuSn \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644 CTE\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (AlN) \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0646 (CuW)\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a<\/a><\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644 (MTTF) \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 20,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639: \u0642\u064a\u062f BPP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639\u201d. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 $B1TB$ \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 $P$ \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 $A$ \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 $P4T:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

$4T$B = \\frac{P}{A \\cdot \\Omega}$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 (BPP)<\/strong>-\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f- \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (FAC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (SAC) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u201d (WBC). \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629: COD \u0648 DLD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a (COD) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645 (DLD). \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b COD \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 ($MW\/cm ^ 2$). \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u201c\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 DLDs \u0647\u064a \u201c\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0629\u201d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u201c\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u201d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u201d. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 48-168 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639\u201d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 GaAs \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 9xx \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (20% \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/strong><\/td>915 \/ 940 \/ 976<\/td>976 \/ 980<\/td>915 – 976<\/td><\/tr>
\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c (\u0648\u0627\u0637)<\/strong><\/td>10 – 30<\/td>80 – 150<\/td>200 – 500+<\/td><\/tr>
\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 (A)<\/strong><\/td>0.5 – 1.2<\/td>12 – 20<\/td>1.0 – 1.5<\/td><\/tr>
\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 (W\/A)<\/strong><\/td>1.1 – 1.3<\/td>1.0 – 1.2<\/td>5 - 15 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>1.7 – 2.0<\/td>1.8 – 2.2<\/td>20 - 40 (\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644)<\/td><\/tr>
\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 (95%)<\/strong><\/td>8\u00b0 - 11\u00b0<\/td>9\u00b0 - 12\u00b0<\/td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a (FWHM\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/strong><\/td>3 – 6<\/td>4 – 7<\/td>4 – 6<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a (MTTF\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>> 100,000<\/td>> 20,000<\/td>> 30,000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629: \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (EV) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 6061. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0634\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 1064 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u201c\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (CW) \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a (WPE) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n