{"id":4052,"date":"2026-01-13T15:52:28","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T07:52:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/?p=4052"},"modified":"2026-01-23T14:12:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T06:12:44","slug":"%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laserdiode-ld.com\/ar\/%d8%ab%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86-2","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n
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#image_title<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (CW)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u201d. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u201c\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (Q-CW)<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 Q-CW \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u201c\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u201d (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong>: \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 CW \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u201cSOA\u201d (\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 40 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u201c\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 50 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f ($V = L \\cdot di\/dt$). \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 P-N \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/strong>, \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u201d \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u201c\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u201d \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f ($V_f$) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u201d (MPD) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/strong>, \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead>
      EVLT (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f)<\/strong><\/td>CW \/ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/td>5 \u0623 - 15 \u0623<\/td><1 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u00b1 1%)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636<\/td>2 \u0623 - 10 \u0623<\/td><50 \u03bcs<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td><\/tr>
      \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (BPH)<\/strong><\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 CW<\/td>40 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 - 100 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 (\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a)<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631<\/td>10 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 - 30 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><10 \u03bcs<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>1\u0623 - 3\u0623<\/td><1 \u03bcs<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 30 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648980 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u201c\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 151 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 30 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u201c\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 34.5 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 50 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong>: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u201d \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 (Equivalent Series Resistance) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/strong>: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f PWM \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u201d \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 95%. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1.2 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u201c\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u201d \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u201c\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0633 1: \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u201c\u062e\u0637\u064a\u201d \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u201c\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u201d \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062c: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641\u201d \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (20 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u201d (\u0628\u0627\u0643\/\u062f\u0639\u0645) \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u06332: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u201c\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062c: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u201d) \u201c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u201d. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 100% (CW) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 10% \u201c\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u201d. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u06333: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        \u06334: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u201d ($V_f$) \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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