\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/strong> \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f<\/strong>. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 (BPP). \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n $$BPP = \\omega_0 \\cdot \\theta$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062d\u064a\u062b $\\omega_0$ \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648 $\\theta$ \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 BPP \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 105 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648600 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u201c\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: \u0634\u062a\u0648\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629: SpectraForm Automotive Components (\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023 \u2013 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 SpectraForm \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a 976 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u201c\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0644\u063a 4.5%. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0640 4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637. \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/a> \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 1 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 (\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u201d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639. \u201c\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f<\/strong>, \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0641\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 AuSn (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631) \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0647). \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u201d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n $$NA = \\sin(\\theta_{max}) = \\sqrt{n_{core}^2 \u2013 n_{clad}^2}$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f NA \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 0.22)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u201c\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u201d \u064a\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a FAC\/SAC) \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 1064 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b 9xx \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062a (2023)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
2. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 (NA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
3. \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/h2>\n\n\n\n